Analisis Kualitas Butir Soal Konsep Sistem Gerak Manusia Kelas VI Sekolah Dasar Berdasarkan Validitas, Reliabilitas, Tingkat Kesukaran dan Daya Beda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62383/polygon.v4i1.927Keywords:
Elementary School, Instrument Quality, Item Analysis, Science Learning, ValidityAbstract
The quality of assessment instruments plays an important role in determining the accuracy of measuring student learning outcomes in science learning in elementary schools. A good test instrument must meet certain criteria, such as validity, reliability, difficulty level, and discrimination power. This study aims to analyze the quality of daily science test items in grade VIc elementary schools based on these four criteria. The study used a quantitative. The subjects were 19 sixth-grade students, while the instrument analyzed consisted of 25 multiple-choice questions. Data processing and analysis were carried out using Microsoft Excel to calculate item validity through item correlation with total score, test reliability using internal consistency, difficulty level index, and discrimination index. The analysis results showed that 17 questions (68%) were declared valid, while 8 questions (32%) were invalid and needed to be improved. The results of the reliability test indicated that the test instrument had good reliability and was suitable for use as a measuring tool for student learning outcomes. Judging from the level of difficulty, 20 questions (80%) were moderate and 5 questions (20%) were easy, indicating a relatively balanced level of difficulty. Based on the discrimination power, 16 questions (66%) had very good discrimination power, 4 questions (16%) were good, 4 questions (16%) were sufficient, and 1 question (4%) was poor. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the quality of the sixth grade science daily test questions is classified as good and the test instrument is suitable for use, but improvements are still needed on invalid questions and those with low discrimination power so that the quality of the assessment is more optimal. This study emphasizes the importance of teachers' abilities in compiling and analyzing test items to ensure that the assessment of science learning is objective, valid, and reliable.
Downloads
References
Aldila, O. S. (2023). Analisis Tingkat Kesulitan Butir Soal Pilihan Ganda pada Penilaian Tengah Semester Genap di MI Ma’arif Beji. In In Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan.
Anggraini, F. D. P., Aprianti2, Setyawati, V. A. V., & Hartanto, A. A. (2022). Pembelajaran Statistika Menggunakan Software SPSS untuk Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(4), 6491–6504.
Arlindianie, N. K., A’isyah, E. T., Rahmah, E. A., Hakim, L., & Pratiwi, V. (2024). Analisis Kualitas Butir Soal Akuntansi Perusahaan. Jurnal Nirta: Studi Inovasi, 4(1), 1–18.
Ayu, D., & Realita, R. (2024). Analisis Butir Soal pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Kelas V SDN 3 Tanjung Pura. ALACRITY : Journal of Education, 4(3), 140–151. https://doi.org/10.52121/alacrity.v4i3.418
Azzahra, I. E., Nurhasanah, A., & Hermawati, E. (2023). Implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Learning Ipas At Sdn 4 Purwawinangun. Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD FKIP Universitas Mandiri , 9(2).
Elisa, D. T., Juliana, J., Bundel, B., Bumbun, M., Silvester, S., & Purnasari, P. D. (2023). Analisis Karakteristik Hakikat Pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pedagogik Pendidikan Dasar, 10(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.17509/jppd.v10i1.54868
Fajariani, K., & Hanum, E. (2025). Evaluasi Kualitas Instrumen Tes Pilihan Ganda pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Berdasarkan Analisis Butir Soal. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dan Riset Pendidikan, 4(2), 9224–9229. https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i2.2984
Fatayah, F., & Yuliana, I. F. (2022). Analisis Validitas Dan Reliabilitas Dalam Mendukung Ketuntasan Belajar Model STEM. 18(1), 49–60.
Fauziah, A., Hasibuan, M. F., & Yendrawaty. (2021). MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PELAJARAN IPA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN VISUAL, AUDITORI, KINESTHETI(VAK) PADA MATERI SISTEM GERAK MANUSIA DI KELAS VI SD NEGERI 067241 MEDAN DENAI. Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD FKIP Universitas Mandiri, 32(3), 167–186.
Fiska, J. M., Hidayati, Y., Qomaria, N., & Hadi, W. P. (2021). Analisis Butir Soal Ulangan Harian Ipa Menggunakan Software Anates Pada Pendekatan Teori Tes Klasik. Natural Science Education Research, 4(1), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.21107/nser.v4i1.8133
Hamidah, N., & Istiyono, E. (2022). The quality of test on National Examination of Natural science in the level of elementary school. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 11(2), 604–616. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i2.22233
Lapera, L., Asmara, Y., & Sofiarini, A. (2022). Analisis Kualitas Soal Ulangan Harian pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Kelas V SD Negeri 32 Lubuklinggau. Linggau Jurnal Of Elementary School Education, 2(1), 23–32. https://jurnal.lp3mkil.or.id/index.php/ljese%0A
Mutiah, R. (2023). Analisis Kualitas Butir Soal Ujian Sekolah Mata Pelajaran IPA di SD N 1 LodanKulon. Jurnal Kajian Islam AI Kamal, 3(2), 127–140. http://e-journal.hamzanwadi.ac.id/index.php/gdk/article/view/3696
Rachmawati, D., & Pradana, A. B. (2025). Analisis butir soal mata pelajaran ekonomi: validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, dan daya pembeda. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi (JUPE), 13(3), 273–284. https://doi.org/10.26740/jupe.v13n3.p273- 284%0
Rahmawati, P., & Kurniawati, W. (2024). Miskonsepsi Pembelajaran IPAS Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Penelitian & Artikel Pendidikan, 16(02), 383–394.
Rajagukguk, M. J. T. (2023). MAMPU MEMILIH SOAL BERDASARKAN TINGKAT KESUKARAN. Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Dan Humaniora, 2(4), 12736–12747.
Ramadhan, M. F., Siroj, R. A., & Afgani, M. W. (2024). Validitas and Reliabilitas. Journal on Education, 6(2), 10967–10975. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i2.4885
Rini, A. F., & Budijastuti, W. (2022). Pengembangan Instrumen Soal Hots Untuk Mengukur Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah Pada Materi Sistem Gerak Manusia. Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi (Bioedu), 11(1), 127–137. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/bioedu
Saputri, H. A., Zulhijrah, Larasati, N. J., & Shaleh. (2023). ANALISIS INSTRUMEN ASSESMEN : VALIDITAS, RELIABILITAS, TINGKAT KESUKARAN DAN DAYA BEDA BUTIR SOAL. Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD FKIP Universitas Mandiri, 09, 2986–2995.
Sari, N. M., Lestari, I., & Nasbey, H. (2025). Studi Literatur : Miskonsepsi IPA pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa, 2(1), 462–473.
Syahari, Y. F., Azizah, A., Diana, S., Adhani, R., Arifin, R., Gigi, F. K., & Mangkurat, U. L. (2025). DENTIN JURNAL KEDOKTERAN GIGI Vol IX . No 1 . APRIL 2025 EFEKTIVITAS DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION MENGGUNAKAN PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL BADAMPRAK TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SKOR OHI-S ( Tinjauan Pada Siswa Umur 10-14 Tahun di Sekolah Buddhis Dhammasoka Kota Banjarma. JURNAL KEDOKTERAN GIGI, IX(1), 52–56.
Syaifudin. (2023). Analisis Butir Soal Penilaian Akhir Tahun Mata Pelajaran Matematika dengan Item And Test Analysis. Jurnal Jendela Matematika, 1(2), 34–42.
Waworuntu, F., Tuerah, J. M., Tengker, S. M., Saiya, A., Paat, V., & Rumengan, S. (2024). Uji Validitas Sebagai Penentuan Kualitas Butir Soal Pilihan Ganda " Pacu Kimia " FMIPAK Universitas Negeri Manado. OXYGENIUS, 6(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.37033/ojce.v6i1.680
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Polygon : Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
